When it comes to electrical safety in the workplace, the difference between a qualified and unqualified worker could mean the difference between life and death. According to NFPA 70E and OSHA 1910 Subpart S, it’s not just about labeling equipment—it’s about making sure only those trained and authorized to interpret those labels are allowed to work on or near energized systems.
This blog explores the distinctions between qualified and unqualified workers, what NFPA 70E requires for each, and how Arc Flash Labels help enforce safe work practices. Importantly, it is the obligation of the employer to designate their personnel as either Qualified or Unqualified.
Defining Qualified and Unqualified Workers
Who Is a Qualified Worker?
Under NFPA 70E Article 100, a qualified person is defined as someone who:
- Has demonstrated skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of electrical equipment.
- Has received electrical safety training to recognize and avoid hazards.
- Understands how to identify energized components, read arc flash labels, and determine the appropriate PPE required for a task.
- Is trained to establish approach boundaries and operate safely within them.
Qualified Workers Can:
- Access arc flash boundaries and perform risk assessments.
- Select and wear arc-rated PPE based on label data.
- Use insulated tools, test equipment, and follow lockout/tagout procedures.
- Perform voltage testing and energized work (when justified by risk assessment).
"A qualified person shall be trained and knowledgeable in the construction and operation of equipment or a specific work method and be trained to recognize and avoid the electrical hazards that might be present.” — NFPA 70E: 2024 Edition, Article 100 – Definitions
Who Is a Unqualified Worker?
An unqualified person, by contrast, lacks the technical training and knowledge to safely work on or near energized equipment.
They may still work in facilities that contain electrical hazards, but they must not be exposed to those hazards. Instead, they are only given awareness-level training to recognize potential electrical dangers and are required to stay outside of established boundaries.
Unqualified Workers Cannot:
- Enter the limited or restricted approach boundaries.
- Interpret or act on arc flash labels.
- Perform any form of voltage testing or energized work.
- Select or use electrical PPE or tools.
“An unqualified person shall be trained in and be familiar with any of the electrical safety-related practices necessary for their safety.” — NFPA 70E: 2024 Edition, Article 110.6(A)(2)
Quick Comparison: Qualified vs. Unqualified Workers
| Category | Qualified Worker | Unqualified Worker | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training | Specialized, hands-on electrical safety training | Awareness-level only | ||
| Arc Flash Labels | Can read and act on label data | Must stay outside arc flash boundary | ||
| PPE Usage | Trained to select and wear PPE | Not authorized to use PPE | ||
| Access to Energized Parts | Permitted under strict guidelines | Strictly prohibited | ||
| Voltage Testing | Allowed and trained to perform | Not allowed | ||
| Example Roles | Electricians, Technicians | Office staff, Janitors |
Common Misunderstandings
- Believing PPE alone makes you qualified
- Allowing unqualified workers to interpret arc flash labels
- Assuming proximity equals permission
- Failing to document employee training and evaluations
Employers must clearly define which workers are qualified—and ensure others understand their limitations.
Why Arc Flash Labels Matter
Arc Flash Labels are required by NFPA 70E 130.5(H) and serve as the first line of defense in electrical safety. These labels provide:
- Incident energy levels (cal/cm²)
- Required PPE based on calculated risk
- Arc flash boundaries and shock protection distances
- Equipment voltage and label date
A qualified person can assess this information and determine what PPE, procedures, or permits are required for the task.
Training Requirements
To be deemed qualified, a worker must undergo:
- Formal classroom instruction on electrical hazards
- Practical, hands-on training, ie: electrical apprenticeship
- Evaluation by the employer to verify understanding
According to OSHA 1910.332 and NFPA 70E 110.6(D)(1)(d), training must cover:
- Shock hazard awareness
- Arc flash hazard recognition
- Safe work practices
- Emergency response procedures
Unqualified workers only need general awareness training—not the depth of knowledge required to interpret arc flash risk assessments.
C&H Electric's Commitment to Compliance
NFPA 70B is no longer a suggestion—it’s a safety standard that defines how electrical systems should be maintained to protect workers, facilities, and critical operations. By taking action now, your facility can meet these requirements, reduce risk, and improve long-term system reliability.
At C&H Electric, we help facilities across Connecticut implement NFPA 70B-compliant maintenance strategies through expert planning, training, and on-site support.